Time Energy Uncertainty

Relies on Quantum Dynamics.

Time is not an observable.

We could count NN full waves of frequency ω\omega over a time window TT. You can only count to within ±1\pm 1 wave, so ΔN≥1\Delta N\geq 1.

The uncertainty in the wavecount is ΔN\Delta N

We know that

N=ωT2π⇒ΔN=ΔωT2π≥1⇒ΔωT≥2πN=\frac{\omega T}{2\pi} \quad\Rightarrow\quad \Delta N = \frac{\Delta \omega T}{2\pi} \geq 1 \quad \Rightarrow\quad \Delta \omega T \geq 2\pi

From (Planck-Einstein relation),

ΔE⋅T≥h=ℏ2\Delta E \cdot T\geq h = \frac{\hbar}{2}